بیست و نهم - دایره لغات

Hi there, guys. Welcome to the next lesson. Lesson 29 of 504 Absolutely Essential Words, the vocabulary part. Alright, are you ready? Let’s go!

The first word of this lesson is “toil”. Toil, what does toil mean? Toil means hard work; to work hard; move with difficulty. So, it’s both a noun, and a verb. Let’s see some examples. A) The feeble* old man toiled up the hill. B) After years of toil, scientists disclosed* that they had made progress in controlling the dreaded* disease. C) Despite* all his toil, Fred never succeeded in reaching his goal.

The second word of this lesson is “blunder”. Blunder means stupid mistake; to make a stupid mistake; stumble; say clumsily. So, again, we have a noun, and a verb here. A) The exhausted* boy blundered through the woods. B) Bert’s awkward* apology* could not make up for his serious blunder. C) The general’s blunder forced his army to a rapid* retreat. So, blunder, one more time, a stupid mistake.

The third one, “daze”. Daze as a verb means to confuse. And as a noun, a state of stunned confusion or bewilderment. Take a look at the examples. A) The severity* of the blow dazed the fighter and led to his defeat. B) When he ventured* out of the house at night, the child was dazed by the noise and the lights. C) Dazed by the flashlight, Maria blundered* down the steps.

Our next one, “mourn”. Mourn means to grieve; feel or show sorrow for. It’s a verb, right? A) Sandra did not cease* to mourn for John Lennon. B) The entire city mourned for the people lost in the calamity. C) We need not mourn over trifles. So, mourn means to grieve.

The next word, “subside”. Subside means sink to a lower level; grow less. Again, we have a verb here. A) After the excessive* rains stopped, the flood waters subsided. B) The waves subsided when the winds ceased* to blow. C) Danny’s anger subsided when the culprit* apologized*. So, his anger grew less when the culprit apologized.

Our next word is “maim”. Maim means to cripple; disable; cause to lose an arm, leg, or other part of the body. It’s a verb. A) Auto accidents maim many persons each year. B) Though he went through an awesome* experience in the crash, Fred was not seriously maimed. C) Car manufacturers insist* that seat belts can prevent the maiming of passengers in the event of a crash.

The next word we have is “comprehend”. Comprehend simply means to understand. It’s a verb. Let’s see the examples. A) If you can use a word correctly, there is a good chance that you comprehend it. B) You need not be a pauper* to comprehend fully what hunger is. C) My parents say that they cannot comprehend today’s music.

The next one is “commend”. Commend means to praise; hand over for safekeeping. It’s a verb, right? A) Everyone commended the mayor’s thrifty* suggestion. B) Florence commended the baby to her aunt’s care. C) The truth is that we all like to be commended for good work. So, commend means, to praise.

Our next word is “final”. You’ve heard it before, for sure. Final means coming last; deciding. It’s a noun, and an adjective. A) The final week of the term is rapidly* approaching. B) Jose was commended* for his improvement in the final test. C) The final censor* of our actions is our own conscience.

The next word, “exempt”. Exempt as a verb means to make free from. And as an adjective it means freed from. So, let’s see the examples. A) Our school exempts bright pupils from final* exams. B) School property is exempt from most taxes. C) Juvenile* offenders are not exempt from punishment.

The next word is “vain”. Vain means having too much pride in one’s ability, looks, etc; of no use. So, two different meanings. It’s an adjective. A) Josephine is quite vain about her beauty. B) To be perfectly frank, I do not see what she has to be vain about. C) Brian made numerous* vain attempts to reach the doctor by telephone.

And, the last word of this lesson would be “repetition”. Repetition means the act of doing or saying again; the act of repeating. It’s a noun. Let’s see the examples. A) The repetition of new words in this book will help you to learn them. B) Any repetition of such unruly* behavior will be punished. C) After a repetition of his costly mistake, Jerry was fired from his job.

Alright, we’re finished with the vocabulary part. See you in the next part, Words in Use 1.