Track 4

Unit 9

Public Health

Building Immunity

Pages 86 and 87

Listen for main ideas and listen for details.

Hello everyone.

We can start talking about immunity.

commite system is a system in our party that fights disease.

Its job is to defend us against things that might make us sick. For example, bacteria and viruses.

How healthy we are depends on how well we can defend ourselves.

At home or traveling we need a strong immune system. In order to be healthy. I became very interested in this topic.

While I was doing research in Africa. I had studied immunity in school but living in another country help me understand the issues much better.

Today I’m going to focus on adaptive immunity and explain this in detail in a minute, but first know that there are kinds of adaptive immunity. We develop it naturally based on where we live based on some diseases we get. We can also develop it sufficiently through vaccines.

OK.

dictate adaptive immunity monies not to fight things that we are exposed to. If you live in Tokyo will develop adaptive immunity to the microorganisms in Tokyo. seminary someone in Paris develops immunity to the germs in Paris, in Beijing immunity to what’s in Beijing.

Okay, you can pick any place. Our bodies adapt. They adjust to what our environment building out adaptive immunity takes time and can take a couple of years. This is the reason why young children say 1 to 3 years old, get sick often. they have built up the resistance to the germs around them as they get older, I tend to get sick less.

Let’s consider what happens when someone travels to another country. For example, a Chinese business traveler goes to South Africa or an American student goes to Ecuador germs and diseases a different back to immunity. These two individuals have developed back home work protecting the protonated walk-throughs old them more likely to get sick and it may not just affect them that supposedly business traveler is exposed to a contagious disease like influenza that you become sick. She returns home she might spread it to someone back home someone who most likely lacks the immunity to their influenza virus, public health officials are very aware of how quickly contagious diseases can spread.

where all concerned about serious diseases like avian or bird flu as well as nonserious viruses and germs.

With so much global travel. These days there are more incidents of diseases being transmitted.

So, we need to keep in mind the immunity issues related to global travel to look at two types of adaptive immunity in more detail.

I’ll give you an example of each.

Pay attention to how the different

Festival is a girl named Kimmy catches the cold

in a week. She felt much better. The attempted immunity made her body strong enough to resist the cold virus that made her sick. This time, so she got well

that doesn’t mean that she’ll never get cold again does it we will get cold from time to time.

Now consider Kimmy’s younger sister make; make catch the chickenpox virus right a common childhood disease caused by a virus VZV virus, off to 10 days. She recovers, she shouldn’t get chickenpox ever again. The rest of her life. We call this lifelong protective immunity in both cases we see adaptive immunity at work.

Here’s the crucial difference our immune systems only remember certain viruses so Kimmy is not immune to all cold viruses shall get cold again in her life, but makes body has what we call immunological memory to chickenpox, our immune system will remember chickenpox and she was asked again. She has lifelong protective immunity I want to move on now is talking about vaccines.

vaccines at one of the most effective ways to prevent certain types of disease. The idea behind vaccines is simple, it is best to keep people from getting sick then to try to cheat them off today already become sick.

Do you call from your book how vaccines work?

in brief vaccine put something into your body that your immune system response to his foreign the immune system fights that foreign body and create antibodies against it to protect you in the future. Back to Meg and her chickenpox and her immunological memory. It’s a similar situation here with vaccines. Your immune system remembers something from the vaccine and now knows how to fight back to prevent you from getting sick.

Vaccines are very convenient quick way to boost our immunity. Doctors recommend vaccines before we go to other countries because there isn’t time for our bodies to adjust to the germs in the short time with that. I just have to add a quick comment. Some people in the developed countries like the US don’t give the kids vaccines because they believe their unnecessary and harmful.

Personally, I think that there is multiple. I know from my own research in Africa.

The vaccines for young children can make a huge positive difference in the community’s health. Anyway, moving on. Now let’s briefly consider some positive steps that we can take to promote our own and the insistence and good health in general. Fast good nutrition.

What we need is very important to our overall health. Malnutrition is the most common reason for immunity programs worldwide.

Second, keep things clean, basic hygiene hands out homes. Everything needs to be clean, reduce stress, that’s a big one. Stress affects everyone young and old; it can lower immunity to some of the key points of today think about what adaptive immunity is and how we can develop it and consider what you can do to stay healthy