بیست و هشتم - دایره لغات

Hi there, everyone! Welcome to the vocabulary part for lesson 28. Are you ready? Let’s go!

Our first word for this lesson is “outlaw”. Outlaw as a noun means an exile; an outcast; a criminal. And, as a verb it means to declare unlawful. Let’s take a look at the examples. A) Congress has outlawed the sale of certain drugs. B) The best-known outlaw of the American West was Jesse James. C) An animal that is cast out by the rest of the pack is known as an outlaw.

The second word of this lesson is “promote”. Promote means to raise in rank or importance; to help to grow and develop; to help to organize. It’s a verb, right? Let’s see the examples. A) Students who pass the test will be promoted to the next grade. B) An accurate* knowledge of other cultures will promote good will among people of different backgrounds. C) Several bankers invested an enormous* sum of money to promote the idea.

The third word is “undernourished”. Now, undernourished means not sufficiently fed. It’s an adjective. A) The undernourished child was so feeble* he could hardly walk. B) There is evidence* that even wealthy people are undernourished because they do not eat sufficient quantities* of healthful foods. C) An infant who drinks enough milk will not be undernourished. So, undernourished means not sufficiently fed.

The next word, “illustrate”. Illustrate means to make clear or explain by stories, examples, comparisons, or other means; serve as an example. It’s a verb. Let’s see the examples. A) To illustrate how the heart sends blood around the body, the teacher described how a pump works. B) This exhibit* will illustrate the many uses of atomic energy. C) These stories illustrate Mark Twain’s serious side. You know, Mark Twain was an American writer, known for his sense of humor.

Our next word is “disclose”. Disclose means to uncover; to make known. It’s a verb. A) The lifting of the curtain disclosed a beautiful winter scene. B) This letter discloses the source* of his fortune. C) Samson, reclining* in the arms of Delilah, disclosed that the secret of his strength was in his long hair. One more time, disclose simply means to uncover.

The next word we have is “excessive”. Excessive means too much; too great; extreme. It’s an adjective. A) Pollution* of the atmosphere is an excessive price to pay for so-called progress. B) Numerous* attempts have been made to outlaw* jet planes that make excessive noise. C) The inhabitants* of Arizona are unaccustomed* to excessive rain. They’re unaccustomed to too much rain.

The next one, “disaster”. Disaster means an event that causes much suffering or loss; a great misfortune. Do you remember the word “calamity”. They’re synonyms, right? Disaster is a noun. Let’s take a look at the examples. A) The hurricane’s violent* winds brought disaster to the coastal town. B) The San Francisco earthquake and the Chicago fire are two of the greatest disasters in American history. C) The coach considered* the captain’s injury a disaster for the team.

The next word we have is “censor”. Censor as a noun means a person who tells others how they ought to behave; one who changes books, plays and other works so as to make them acceptable to the government. And, as a verb it means to make changes in; to examine a book, film, etc officially and suppress unacceptable parts of it. A) Some governments, national and local, censor books. B) The censor felt that fiction* as well as other books should receive the stamp of approval before they were put on sale. C) Any mention of the former prime minister was outlawed* by the censor.

The next one is “culprit”. Culprit means an offender; a person guilty of a fault or crime. It’s a noun. A) Who is the culprit who has eaten all the strawberries? B) The police caught the culprit with the stolen articles in his car. C) In the Sherlock Holmes story, the culprit turned out to be a snake.

The next word, “juvenile”. It simply means young; youthful; of or for boys and girls; a young person. It’s both a noun and an adjective. A) My sister is known in the family as a juvenile delinquent. B) Paula is still young enough to wear juvenile fashions. C) Ellen used to devour “Cinderella” and other stories for juveniles. So, one more time, juvenile means young.

Our next word is “bait”. Bait as a noun means anything, especially food, used to attract fish or other animals so that they may be caught; anything used to tempt or attract a person to begin something he or she does not wish to do. And, as a verb it means to put bait on (a hook) or in (a trap); torment by unkind or annoying remarks. Let’s see the examples. A) The secret of successful trout fishing is finding the right bait. B) How can you expect to bait Mike into running for the class presidency when he has already refused every appeal? C) Eddie is a good hunter because he knows the merit of each kind of bait for the different animals.

And, the last one for this lesson is “insist”. Insist means to keep firmly to some demand, statement, or position. It’s a verb. A) Mother insists that we do our homework before we start sending e-mails. B) She insisted that Sal was not jealous* of his twin brother. C) The doctor insisted that Marian get plenty of rest after the operation.

Alright, we’re finished with the vocabulary part. See you in the next part, Words in Use 1.