چهاردهم - دایره لغات

Hello. Welcome to lesson 14 of 504 Absolutely Essential Words. Are you ready? Let’s get started.

Our first word is “unruly”. It’s an adjective and it means hard to rule or control; lawless. A) Unruly behavior is prohibited* at the pool. B) When he persisted* in acting unruly, Ralph was fired from his job. C) His unruly actions were a menace* to those who were trying to work.

The second word would be “rival”. Rival is a noun and it means a person who wants and tries to get the same thing as another; one who tries to equal or do better than another. A) The boxer devised* an attack that would help him to be victorious* over his young rival. B) Sherry didn’t like to compete* because she always thought her rival would win. C) Seidman and Son decided to migrate* to an area where they would have fewer rivals.

The third word of this lesson, “violent”. Violent is an adjective, and it means acting or done with strong, rough force. And of course, the noun would be “violence”. A) Carefully, very carefully, we approach* the violent man. B) Violent behavior is prohibited* on the school grounds. C) Vernon had a tendency* to be violent when someone angered him.

The next word we have is, “brutal”. Again, it’s an adjective and it means coarse and savage; like a brute; cruel. A) Dozens of employees* quit the job because the boss was brutal to them. B) The brutal track coach persisted* in making the team work out all morning under the hot sun. C) Swearing to catch the murderer, the detectives revealed* that it had been an unusually brutal, violent* crime.

Our next word, “opponent”. It’s a noun and it means someone who is on the other side of a fight, game, or discussion; a person fighting, struggling or speaking against another. A) The Russian chess player underestimated* his opponent and lost. B) He was a bitter opponent of costly urban* reform. C) Seeing his flabby* opponent, Slugger was sure he would be victorious*.

The next word is “brawl”. It’s a noun and it means a noisy quarrel or fight. A) The journalist* covered all the details of the brawl in the park. B) Larry dreaded* a brawl with his father over finding a job. C) What started out as a polite discussion soon became a violent* brawl.

Our next one, “duplicate”. Alright, as a verb we can say “duplicate”. But as a noun or an adjective, it’s “duplicate”. It means an exact copy; to make an exact copy of; to repeat exactly. A) Elliott tried to deceive* Mrs Held by making a duplicate of my paper. B) We duplicated the documents so that everyone had a copy to study. C) The so-called expert did a mediocre* job of duplicating the Van Gogh painting.

The next word we have is “vicious”. Vicious is an adjective and it means evil; wicked; savage. A) Liza was unpopular* because she was vicious to people she had just met. B) The vicious editor published false stories about people he disliked. C) Mr Voss was reluctant* to talk about his vicious pit bull.

The next word is “whirling”. Again, we have an adjective here and it means turning or swinging round and round; spinning. A) The space vessel* was whirling around before it landed on Earth. B) As they tried to lift the bulky* piano, the movers went whirling across the living room. C) Because Angelo drank too much, he commenced* to feel that everything was whirling around the bar.

The next one, “underdog”. It’s a noun and it means a person having the worst of any struggle; one who is expected to lose. A) Minority* groups complain about being the underdog in this century. B) I always feel sorry for the underdog in a street fight. C) The Jets were identified as underdogs even though they had beaten the Steelers earlier in the season.

The next word we have is “thrust”. Here, we’re using it as a verb but it’s also a noun. Thrust means to push with force. Let’s see some examples. A) Once the jet engine was ignited, it thrust the rocket from the ground. B) He had adequate strength to thrust himself through the locked door. C) Eva was in a terrible rage* when she thrust herself into the room

And the last word of this lesson is “bewildered”. Bewildered is an adjective and it means confused completely; puzzled. A) The lawyer was bewildered by his client’s lack* of interest in the case. B) His partner’s weird* actions left Jack bewildered. C) Bewildered by this sudden hazy* weather, he decided not to go to the beach.

Alright, that’s it. We’re finished with this part. See you in the next one, goodbye.