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Hi there! Welcome to our next lesson, lesson 9 of 504 Absolutely Essential Words. Let’s get started.

The first word of this lesson is “vicinity”. Vicinity means the region near a place; neighborhood. It’s a noun. Let’s see the examples. A) Living in the vicinity of New York, Jeremy was near many museums. B) The torrent* of rain fell only in our vicinity. C) We approached* the Baltimore vicinity by car. So, basically, vicinity means neighborhood.

Our second word for this lesson is “century”. Century simply means one hundred years. It’s a noun, obviously. A) George Washington lived in the eighteenth century. B) The United States is more than two centuries old. C) Many prominent* men have been born in this century.

The third word is “rage”. Rage means violent anger; something that arouses intense but brief enthusiasm. We’re using it as a noun here, but it’s also a verb. A) Joan’s bad manners sent her mother into a rage. B) In a fit of rage, Francine broke the valuable glass. C) The mayor felt a sense of rage about the exaggerations* in the press. So, rage, violent anger.

Next one on the list, “document”. An easy one. Document means something written or printed or even electronic that gives information or proof of some fact. It’s a noun, right? A) Newly discovered documents showed that the prisoner was obviously* innocent. B) The documents of ancient Rome have survived* many centuries. C) We were reluctant to destroy important documents.

The next word is “conclude”. Conclude means to end; to finish; to decide. It’s a verb. A) Most people are happy when they conclude their work for the day. B) The gloomy* day concluded with a thunderstorm. C) Work on the building could not be concluded until the contract was signed.

The next one we have is “undeniable”, undeniable. Undeniable means not to be denied; cannot be questioned. It’s an adjective. A) The jury concluded* that the teenagers were undeniably guilty. B) It is undeniable that most professionals can beat any amateur. C) That Leon resented Rita’s good marks in school was undeniable.

Next, “resist”. Resist means to act against; to strive against; to oppose. It’s a verb. A) Totie could not resist eating the chocolate sundae. B) Tight security* measures resisted Jimmy’s entrance into the bank. C) Harold resisted the opportunity to poke fun at the weird* man.

Our next word is “lack”. Lack means be entirely without something; have not enough. It’s both a noun and a verb. A) Your daily diet should not lack fruits and vegetables. B) His problem was that he lacked a variety* of talents. C) As an amateur dancer, Vincent knew that he lacked the professional touch.

The next word is “ignore”. Ignore means to pay no attention to someone or something; to disregard. It’s a verb, right? A) Little Alice realized that if she didn’t behave, her parents would ignore her. B) The student could not answer the question because he ignored the obvious* facts. C) Older brothers and sisters often feel ignored when their parents only spend time with a new baby.

And the next word we have is “challenge”. I’m pretty sure you’re all familiar with this word. Challenge means to call to a fight; to call someone to participate in a competitive situation. It’s a verb, right? A) Aaron Burr challenged Alexander Hamilton to a duel. B) No one bothered to challenge the prominent* lawyer. C) Trying to become a doctor was quite a challenge, Dick discovered.

Next one, “miniature”. Miniature means represented on a small scale; very small of its kind, right? We’re using it as an adjective here, but it’s also a noun, and a verb! A) The young boy wanted a miniature sports car for his birthday. B) Instead of buying a massive* dog, Teddy got a miniature poodle. C) We were seeking a miniature model of the bulky* chess set.

And, the last one, “source”. Source means a place, person, or thing from which something comes or is obtained. It’s a noun. Let’s see some examples. A) The college student knew that he needed more than a basic textbook as a source for his report. B) The source of Buddy’s trouble was boredom. C) Professor Smith’s speech was a valid source of his information on chemistry.

Okay, the vocabulary part for lesson 9 is finished. See you in the next part, good luck.