واژگان

Vocabulary

abide [əˈbaid] v.

To abide by something, like a rule, means to obey it. If you want to play the game with us, you must be willing to abide by our rules.

conversion [kənˈvəːrʃən] n.

Conversion is the act of changing something into a different state or form. The city discussed the conversion of the parking lot into a skateboard park.

cram [kræm] v.

To cram things means to put them into a place that can barely contain them. He crammed all of his shirts into the top drawer of the dresser.

defer [diˈfəːr] v.

To defer means to arrange for an action to happen at a later time. The girl was very sleepy, so she chose to defer her bath until morning.

export [ˈekspɔːrt] v.

To export products means to sell them to other countries. The United States exports many cereals and grains.

fume [fjuːm] n.

Fumes are unhealthy smoke and gases that are made by fires or chemicals. The engine put unpleasant, black fumes into the air.

habitual [həˈbitjuəl] adj.

When something is habitual, it is a behavior that a person usually does or has. The man was a habitual liar who was incapable of being honest with the police.

justify [ˈdʒʌstəfai] v.

To justify something means to show or prove that it is necessary. The government tried to justify its decision to bring the country into a war.

output [ˈautput] n.

Output is the amount of something that a person or thing produces. The boss hired more workers to increase the factory’s output of products.

overpopulation [ˌouvərpɒpjuˈleiʃən] n.

Overpopulation is the state of having too many people in an area. The organization is concerned with overpopulation of the world.

patent [ˈpætənt] n.

A patent is a right to be the only person allowed to make or sell a new product. He quickly established a patent for his brilliant invention.

penalize [ˈpiːnəlaiz] v.

To penalize someone means to punish him or her. The team was penalized when they broke the rules.

petroleum [piˈtrouliəm] n.

Petroleum is a liquid natural resource from which many fuels are made. The petroleum at that factory is used to make gasoline.

prototype [ˈproutətaip] n.

A prototype is a new machine that is not ready to be made in large quantities. He introduced his prototype to the motorcycle company.

scrap [skræp] n.

A scrap of something is a small amount of it. Chris liked to use many scraps of paper when thinking up ideas.

sector [ˈsektə:r] n.

A sector is a part of a country’s economy in a specific type of industry. We learned about just a few of the factories within the manufacturing sector.

subscribe [səbˈskraib] v.

To subscribe to something is to agree or to concur with it. She subscribed to the view that musical education should be kept in schools.

subsist [səbˈsist] v.

To subsist means to have the food, water, and money needed to stay alive. Some people are forced to subsist on only a few dollars a month.

suspend [səsˈpend] v.

To suspend something means to delay or stop it from happening for a while. The oil company suspended production until it was sure the factory was safe.

synthesis [ˈsinθəsis] n.

A synthesis is a combination of different ideas or styles. The band’s music was a synthesis of many different musical genres.