واژگان

Vocabulary

Unit 29.

Word list.

conversion [kənˈvəːrʃən] n. Conversion is the act of changing something into a different state or form.

The city discussed the conversion of the parking lot into a skateboard park.

cram [kræm] v. To cram things means to put them into a place that can barely contain them.

He crammed all of his shirts into the top drawer of the dresser.

defer [diˈfəːr] v. To defer means to arrange for an action to happen at a later time.

The girl was very sleepy, so she chose to defer her bath until morning.

export [ˈekspɔːrt] v. To export products means to sell them to other countries.

The United States exports many cereals and grains.

fume [fjuːm] n. Fumes are unhealthy smoke and gases that are made by fires or chemicals.

The engine put unpleasant, black fumes into the air.

habitual [həˈbitjuəl] adj. When something is habitual, it is a behavior that a person usually does or has.

The man was a habitual liar who was incapable of being honest with anyone.

justify [ˈdʒʌstəfai] v. To justify something means to show or prove that it is necessary.

The government tried to justify its decision to bring the country into a war.

notwithstanding [nɒtwɪðˈstandɪŋ]

prep. We use notwithstansing when we want to show that although something has been done, it is not enough. A similar term is, in spite of.

Notwithstanding your objuctions, we have decided to move forward with the project.

output [ˈautput] n. Output is the amount of something that a person or thing produces.

The boss hired more workers to increase the factory’s output of products.

overpopulation [ˌouvərpɒpjuˈleiʃən]

n. Overpopulation is the state of having too many people in an area.

The organization is concerned with overpopulation of the world.

patent [ˈpætənt] n. A patent is a right to be the only person allowed to make or sell a new product.

He quickly established a patent for his brilliant invention.

penalize [ˈpiːnəlaiz] v. To penalize someone means to punish him or her.

The team was penalized when they broke the rules.

petroleum [piˈtrouliəm] n. Petroleum is a liquid natural resource from which many fuels are made.

The petroleum at that factory is used to make gasoline.

region[ˈriːdʒ(ə)n]

n. A region is a large area of land usually based on some common feature.

This is the weed growing region of the country.

scrap [skræp] n. A scrap of something is a small amount of it.

Chris liked to use many scraps of paper when thinking up ideas.

sector [ˈsektə:r] n. A sector is a part of a country’s economy in a specific type of industry.

We learned about just a few of the factories within the manufacturing sector.

subscribe [səbˈskraib] v. To subscribe to something is to agree with it.

She subscribed to the view that musical education should be kept in schools.

subsist [səbˈsist] v. To subsist means to have the food, water, and money needed to stay alive.

Some people are forced to subsist on only a few dollars a month.

suspend [səsˈpend] v. To suspend something means to delay or stop it from happening for a while.

The oil company suspended production until it was sure the factory was safe.

synthesis [ˈsinθəsis] n. A synthesis is a combination of different ideas or styles.

The band’s music was a synthesis of many different musical genres.