15 فعل متداول به همراه تلفظ و املا

(pleasant music)

• Hello everyone and welcome back to English With Lucy.

Today, I’ve got a very important video for you

about verbs with two past tenses.

So you might have seen learned written down

and learnt as well.

This video is going to contain 15 examples

of verbs that have two different past tenses.

And I’m going to explain why and I’ll let you know

if they are correct or incorrect because it varies

according to which verb you’re looking at.

This video is really gonna help you with your vocabulary

and your writing skills, more than anything.

Right let’s get started with this lesson.

Okay I’m going to go through in alphabetical order.

I’ve got 15 verbs.

I’m gonna tell you the verb.

I’m going to tell you the two different spellings

and the corresponding pronunciations

because the pronunciation does change in most of them.

I’ll give you the definition, the reason and the example.

There’s lots to cover but I really think

that this will clear up a lot of your doubts

because I get so many questions,

things like why did you say learnt in the title

instead of learned?

Well this is going to clear it up.

So the first one is the verb to burn, to burn.

And this means to destroy or damage by fire or heat.

Now for the past tenses, there are

two different spellings or pronunciations.

You can have burnt with a T

or burned with E-D.

Burnt, burned.

Now you’re going to see a trend

with a lot of the regular verbs here.

In British English, for a lot of these verbs

we use a T at the end for the past tenses.

In American English, they use E-D.

Now because we live in such a multicultural society,

and in the UK, we watch a lot of things from America

and in America, they watch a lot of things from the UK,

there is some overlap.

So you will see burned being used in the UK

and burnt being used in the US.

But in general, burnt is British and burned is American.

So in British English, she burnt her hand on the kettle.

In American English, she burned her hand on the kettle.

Both are correct.

You can decide which one to use.

Choose your favourite accent.

Choose your favourite dialect and just go with that.

The important thing is that you are consistent.

Now number two is creep, creep.

And this means to move slowly,

and in the case of humans or animals,

with your body closer to the ground.

Now there are two past tenses

but only one of them is officially correct.

The other one has creeped (laughs) crept

into the English language because of a common phrasal verb.

And I’ll explain this.

So the official way to the say the past tense of to creep

is crept, crept.

However, you will find many people,

especially in American English saying creeped, creeped.

So it’s the vowel sound that changes.

Now the reason people say creeped instead of crept

is because of the phrasal verb, to creep out, to creep out.

For this specific phrasal verb,

the past tense is creeped out.

I was so creeped out.

Because of this, creeped has now crept

into the English language

and it’s starting to become more accepted.

But it is not grammatically correct at present.

Let’s see if suddenly the dictionaries

will start letting it in.

An example using both to creep and creep out

in the past tense.

She crept along the corridor and was creeped out

when she saw a shadow.

We wouldn’t say she was crept out.

It doesn’t sound right at all.

Number three is dive, dive.

And this means to jump into water with your head and arms

going in first.

Now, there are two ways that people say

the past tenses of dive.

However, only one is officially correct.

The correct way is to say dived, dived.

She dived into the water.

However, people are starting to say dove

and this is especially in American English.

And they think that this is happening

because of the rise in popularity of the verb to drive.

Obviously a 100 years ago,

people wouldn’t use the verb to drive that much

because not everyone had cars.

And the past tense of to drive is drove

so they think, drive, drove, dive, dove.

It’s not correct, but it is now commonly used.

An example of using the correct past tense of dive

is he dived into the cool turquoise lagoon.

That’s such a nice sentence.

(laughs)

Number four is to dream, to dream,

meaning to experience whilst asleep.

Now this is another case of the T or E-D ending dilemma.

We end with T in British English

and they end with E-D in American English,

both are correct.

Both are absolutely fine.

You’ve just got to be consistent.

So we have dreamt, dreamt in British English

and dreamed, dreamed in American English.

Now notice the vowel sound changes

but also the consonant sound at the end changes.

Dreamt, dreamt, dreamed, dreamed.

And I think the British English version

is usually harder for learners of English to pronounce

because the mm to tuh sound,

you’re going from a voiced consonant sound

to an unvoiced one and that for some reason

is quite complicated for our mouths.

Dreamt, dreamt.

We almost want to put a puh sound in there, dreamt.

But don’t do that.

An example, I always dreamt of becoming a YouTuber.

That’s a lie.

I wanted to be a reconstructive plastic surgeon.

I wanted to help people rebuild

their (laughs) faces after crashes.

You lean something new about me every day.

Let’s move on to number five.

This is to grind, grind.

This means to break or crush something

into very small pieces either using two hard surfaces

or a special machine.

Now this is an irregular verb so the past tense is

ground, ground.

She grounded.

However, some people do make the mistake of saying

grinded, grinded and this is becoming more mainstream

because of American sports commentary.

So you’re more likely to hear grinded in American English.

But of course, it will sometimes bleed

into British English as well.

So because the term grinded is accepted

in American sports commentary,

people now say it more and more out of context as well.

An example, the team grinded out a 10, nil victory.

An example of the correct use of ground,

I ground the chilli seeds into a powder

before adding them to the dish.

Number six is kneel, kneel.

Now it’s funny because in British English

we say knelt, knelt, which makes it an irregular verb.

However in American English, they say kneeled, kneeled.

They do also sometimes say knelt,

but they are also inclined to say kneeled,

which kind of makes it a regular one.

To kneel means to be in or to move into a position

where your body is supported by a knee or knees.

And an example, when he knelt or kneeled

down on one knee to ask her to marry him,

he felt nervous.

Number seven is very similar again, it is to lean, to lean.

There are two definitions for this.

It could mean to rest on or against something for support.

It could also mean to bend or move from a vertical position.

In British English, we say leant, leant.

In American English, you guessed it,

they say leaned, leaned.

I’ll do examples with both meanings.

The man leant on the wall.

The woman leaned out of the window.

Either pronunciation and spelling

can be used for either one,

depending on who’s talking.

Number eight, again, very very similar.

It is to leap, to leap.

This means to jump high or a long way.

In British English, we say leapt, leapt.

And in American English, they usually say leaped, leaped.

An example, the dolphin leapt out of the water.

Number nine is another similar one

and it’s the one I get asked about most,

especially by Americans who have stumbled

across my videos where I’ve said how I learnt Spanish

or something like that.

It is to learn, learn.

And this means to gain knowledge by studying,

being taught or experience.

In British English, we say learnt, learnt.

American English, they say learned, learned.

An example, I learnt a lot in English class yesterday

or I learned a lot in English class yesterday.

Now number 10 is to plead, to plead.

Now there are two possible past tenses for to plead.

But only one is correct.

But the incorrect one is now becoming widely accepted.

So the correct past tense is pleaded, pleaded.

However, pled, pled is becoming more common.

But it’s not officially correct.

And it’s rejected by grammar lovers.

(laughs)

It has two common meanings.

It could mean to ask someone for something

in a very strong or serious way.

It could also mean to state in court

that you are guilty or not guilty of a crime.

You might have heard he pled guilty

when technically it should be he pleaded guilty.

Let’s look at examples of both definitions

she pleaded with her mum to let her get a puppy.

Or he pleaded or pled insanity in court.

If you are going to use pled, it’s normally used

with the second definition when we’re talking about

a legal situation.

Now number 11 is to shrink, to shrink,

which means to become or make something smaller.

Now this one does have two different past tense.

It’s an irregular verb, so the past simple is shrank,

and the participle is shrunk.

Shrink, shrank, shrunk.

However, there is a movie

that has messed this up for everyone.

And the movie is Honey, I Shrunk the Kids.

Now, I shrunk should be I shrank

because that’s the past simple.

Now this technically should be honey, I’ve shrunk the kids

or honey, I shrank the kids.

The title of the movie is grammatically incorrect.

So now, everyone says, shrunk instead of shrank.

Number 12 is smell, to smell.

This means to have a particular smell

or it means to be able to recognise a particular smell.

Something smells or you smell something.

This again is the T versus E-D,

British versus American dilemma

in British English we say smelt, smelt

and we lose an L.

In American English, they say smelled, smelled.

Examples, she smelt or smelled a vanilla and roses.

Or he smelt, or smelled, her wrist

and she smelt, or smelled, beautiful.

(laughs)

Number 13 is very, very similar apart from its spell, spell,

which means to say or write the letters of a word

in correct order.

It’s exactly the same format as smell.

In British English, we say spelt, spelt.

In American English, they say spelled, spelled.

An example, my surname is spelt or spelled Earl, E-A-R-L.

Number 14, again, very, very similar,

it is to spill, to spill,

and this means to flow

over the edge of a container by accident.

British English, we say spilt, spilt.

American English, they say spilled, spilled.

Both are absolutely fine.

An example, water had spilt or spilled

out of the bucket onto the floor.

And the last one, again, it’s very, very similar.

It is spoil, spoil.

And this means to change something good into something bad,

unpleasant or useless.

In British English, we say spoilt, spoilt.

And in American English, they say spoiled, spoiled.

An example, he completely spoilt or spoiled our evening.

Right, that’s it for today’s lesson.

I really hope that clears up some of your doubts

about why you see these words spelt or spelled

and pronounced in different ways.

Well, some of them are incorrect.

Some of them, most of them are correct.

They can be pronounced in two different ways,

depending on who is saying or writing them.