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Modal Verbs

Hello and welcome back to English with Lucy.

Today I’ve got a grammar video for you. I know it’s been a while since I did a grammar video. But a lot of you have asked for a video on modal verbs.

So, here it is today. I’m going to introduce you to modal verbs. I’m going to tell you the rules. how to use them when to use them. Do note that there are a lot of different situations in which you need to use different modal verbs. And it would be impossible for me to go through them all. So this is an introduction and hopefully you will leave the lesson feeling a lot more comfortable when using modal verbs.

Let’s get started. So firstly what are modal verbs well they are part of a larger category called auxiliary verbs and these are verbs that add meaning to another verb. Now modal verbs are special. Because they follow a strict set of rules and they are used in a very specific way. I’m going to talk about the nine modal verbs today. Don’t get them confused with the semi models that only follow some of the modal verb rules. Now if I ask you right now to tell me the nine modal verbs would you be able to tell me them. If you can that’s great.

But, for those who can’t. I’ve got a really easy way of remembering them. We’ve got 3 m’s 2 w’s to c’s and two s’. So when you write them out in a pattern. It’s much, much easier to remember them all so we’ve got the 3 m’s we’ve got, must, might, and may. We’ve then got the 2 w’s will and would. we then got the 2 c’s can and could. And then the two S’s shall and should. remember will and would our special. In spoken and informal language they can be contracted. so, will can turn into ‘ Double L i will i’ll and would can turn into apostrophe, D.

So, we have she would, she’d, now the majority of these modal verbs express different meaning depending on the context. So you really have to understand the sentence or question as a whole. I’m going to help you with this today. Later on in the video we can talk about the different meanings that each modal verb can express. But, firstly we need to go through the rules. What can you do with them? what can’t you do with them? without these rules you’re going to find it very difficult to use them.

But, the good news is that all of these rules apply to the nine modal verbs that we’re looking at in this lesson. so, rule number one infinitives come after modal verbs. But without to. Ok, So, we’re saying i might eat pizza. I can play football.

Rule number 2 modal verbs take no s in the third person singular. She must leave or it might happen.

Rule number three. Modal verbs do not change their form according to tense. So, they’ve got no past form and they’ve got no future form. It just stays the same. So, the easy way of remembering it is modal verbs. Don’t change they. Stay exactly as they are so rule.

Number four. We use modal verbs in negative sentences, like, we do with other auxiliary verbs ie without the word do so the way we use modal verbs in negative sentences is subject modal verb. not verb.

Let’s look at some examples. You must not eat my food. You must not eat my food or I can not speak French. I cannot speak French. So, it’s always in that order just like we would with other auxiliary verbs. Now remember you must learn the contractions for the negatives which are used quite frequently in spokane or informal language. Might, might not mightn’t. Must, must not, mustn’t, may, may not, no contraction, can, cannot, can’t, could, could not, couldn’t, will, will not, won’t, would, would not, wouldn’t, shall, shall not, shan’t, should, should, not shouldn’t.

Ok, so, those were the negative contractions.

Number five. Easy now. We’ve looked at number four with interrogative phrases modal verbs are used like other auxiliary verbs modal verb subject verb some examples. can you help me? Can you help me? will you let him? Will you let him? So, those were the rules. now let’s have a look at the individual modal verbs and how and when we can use them.

So, firstly let’s look at might. Might can be used to show possibility they might be eating lunch. Or she might give us a discount. Then we have may, may can also be used to show Possibility the teacher may be late today. And it can also be used to ask for permission. May I leave now note that using. may to ask for permission? Can be seen as quite formal.

Then we have must, must can be used to show probability or to make a logical assumption. She must be stuck in traffic must can also be used to show necessity. I must go home right now and it can also be used to show prohibition. You must not smoke here . then we have will. We’ll can be used to indicate future time.

I will leave at seven o’clock. It can also be used to make a promise or to show willingness. I will give money to charity this Christmas. It can also be used to ask a polite question. Will you help me with this? For example, then we have would again. Would can be used to ask a polite question. Would you help me with this? It can also be used for invitations or preferences or desires. I would like a cup of tea. or would you prefer apples or oranges?

Then we have can. Can, can be used to show ability. I can speak English. It can also be used to suggest a possibility or give an option. For example: you can call him tomorrow. It could also be used to show impossibility that can’t be her and it can also be used for a request. Can you help me? Could on the other hand can show past ability. I could do trigonometry five years ago. It can also be used to ask a polite question. Could i call you it? can also be used to show possibility and impossibility. She could be here or she couldn’t be here and it can also be used to make a suggestion. You could try doing this. then we have should-should is used to recommend. you should try this new bar. It can also be used to say what is correct or right.

For example: We should deal with this right now. it can also be used for an uncertain prediction. He should be home soon. but, i’m not sure. shall, shall can be used to make an offer. Shall i help you with that? It can also be used for confirmation. I shall meet you there at midnight. It can also be used for promises. you shall be the first person to know. Ok, so, that was my very condensed video on modal verbs. So, what can you do next. Well, firstly your homework is to comment below with three sentences using modal verbs. I want one in affirmative one in the negative and one in the interrogative and up until midnight. I will correct as many as possible and then i would like you guys to correct each other.