درس ۹۹ - افعال زمان گذشته و کالوکیشن ها

Lesson 99 - Past Tense Verbs & Collocations

Hi everyone! I’m Jennifer from English with Jennifer. Let’s study basic English together. You can learn with my students Flavia and Andreia as we review the past tense. When you learn vocabulary, learn words that go together. A group of words is a phrase. For example, “tea” is one word.

“Drink tea” is a phrase. “Drink hot tea” is a longer phrase. Do you know these phrases? Drink tea, cup of tea, a hot cup of tea, make a cup of tea, tea with sugar, tea with honey, tea with lemon. Study these phrases. Then it will be easier to talk about tea. You can tell me about your morning.

For example, I woke up early today and made a cup of tea. I drank tea with lemon. Listen as I talked with Flavia and Andreia. We’re going to review vocabulary and words that go together. They go together in common phrases. These common phrases are also called collocations. How are the cats?

Fight. But this is play. The cats are happy. They have energy. How are you, Flavia? Good. And you? All right. Yeah. Okay. I have the bag again. There are some old things and some new things.

Let’s see if you remember some of the old things. Andreia, what’s this? Fork. Oh yes! This time when I say, “What’s this?” You say, “It’s a fork,” and then think of something that maybe we did yesterday. Say, “It’s a fork,” and I’ll ask, “What did you do yesterday?” “I ate spaghetti.” Right?

Like what did you do with the fork? I ate spaghetti. Okay. So, what’s this? This is a spoon. It’s a spoon. What did you do yesterday? I ate soup. Good. Too bad I don’t have chopsticks. What’s this? Pencil. Pencil. What did you do yesterday? I…writing. I wrote. I wrote. I wrote a letter. I wrote notes.

Mm-hmm. What else can you do with a pencil? We can…like if…I I can draw a cat. I can draw a rainbow. Oh yeah. What did you do yesterday? I draw…draw…drew. What did you do? I drew a house. I drew a house. Good. What’s this? A knife. What did you do yesterday? I cut…I cut salad. I cut lettuce. I cut vegetables. What’s this? A ball. Mm-hmm. What did you do yesterday? I play…I played.

You can say, “I played.” I played with the dog. Right? There are two more things you can do with the ball. Well, actually, a few more things, but you can throw it. What did you do yesterday? It’s like “draw.” Draw…drew. Throw…threw. With that TH. Threw. Threw. Oh, it’s difficult. Do the TH. And now the R. Threw. Good. Uh-huh. What did you do? I threw…I I threw the ball. Uh-huh and you can catch the ball.

What did you do yesterday? I caught the ball. I threw the ball, and I caught the ball. Okay. Say “threw”…“caught.” Okay. Good. All right. You could also bounce. Bounce. So I bounced the ball. It’s just a bounce. Bounced. Sorry. It’s okay. The cats are playing. What’s this? It’s kind of the same…like the same thing you do to your teeth.

Brush. It’s a brush. It’s a very little brush. It’s for my purse. What did I do yesterday? I brushed my hair. Or you say, “You brushed your hair.” Brush…brushed. I brushed my hair. I brushed my hair. Do you know what this is? What’s this? Can. It’s a can of…soup. It’s a can of soup. Can of soup. Mm-hmm.

You can, of course, “I ate soup yesterday,” but first what did I do? I opened…Good. I opened…I opened the can, and then…and then I eat. Well, you don’t want to eat it out of the can. That wouldn’t taste good. I put…I put in the pot. The pot. You can put soup in the pot, and then what do you do on the stove?

What do you do with the soup? You want to make it hot. Warm? You can say “warm” or “cook” or “make.” All right. What did you do yesterday? I cooked. I cooked soup or I made soup. I made soup. Mm-hmm. Right. You can say, “Yesterday I cooked.” But with “soup,” we often say “make.” Make soup.

I made soup. What did you do yesterday? I made soup. What’s this? It’s a book. And what did you do yesterday? I read a book. I read a book. Here’s a different kind of book. What kind of book is this? A book of music. Music. A book of music. What did I do yesterday? You studied. Maybe I studied music, but for fun I like to play the piano . Yesterday I played… played the piano. Played the piano.

Good. What are these? Scissor…scissors. And what…scissors What did I do yesterday? You cut paper. I cut paper. You cut paper. Do you know what’s in here? different things. Do you what this is? It’s lip… lipstick.

Lipstick. All right. Makeup. Right? What do we do with makeup? We put on makeup. What did you do yesterday? I put on makeup. I put on makeup. Do you remember what this is? It’s an eraser. It’s an eraser. it’s an eraser and we can erase. Erase. Right? I can write and then erase word. I can erase a word.

Erase. Erase. What did you do yesterday ? I erased…I erased words. First, you write. Then you can erase. I erased mistakes on the paper. Yeah. What’s different? Uh, I erase with pencil or I erase the message?

Ah, like on a computer? Yes. That’s delete. Delete. Right. On a computer, we delete. With this, we erase. I can erase with this eraser, and I can erase with this. When I write with pencil, I erase. On the computer, we delete. So I can delete a message. Yesterday I…deleted. Very good. Deleted.

Because “delete” ends with that T, so we get the extra syllable: deleted. Like “started.” I deleted the message. Very good. Uh…oh, we’re going to do one more. Do you remember? Whose turn is it? Elastic. Elastic. We can put our hair up. Right? We put our hair up with an elastic or we use an elastic and what do we make within an elastic?

A ponytail. A ponytail. I made a ponytail. I would say, “I put my hair up in a ponytail.” I put my hair up in a ponytail. Or I put my hair in a ponytail. Um, I used an elastic and I put my hair in a ponytail. I put my hair in a ponytail. I put my hair up in a ponytail. It doesn’t matter, but you used an elastic.

Good. Okay. Was there anything new? Study these phrases. These are words that go together. Say them aloud with me. eat with a fork use a fork, eat with a spoon, use a spoon, cut with a knife, cut vegetables, cut meat, write a letter, write notes, draw a picture, throw a ball, catch a ball, bounce a ball, brush my hair, brush my teeth, can of soup, make soup, read a book, play the piano, put on makeup, wear makeup, put on lipstick, wear lipstick, erase a word, erase the mistake, delete a word, delete a mistake, delete an email, delete a message, put your hair up, put your hair up in a ponytail, put your hair in a ponytail.

Now go back and change all the verbs to the past tense. When you’re ready, go on with the lesson. We’re going to practice more past tense verbs. So we have three groups of verbs I want to practice for pronunciation. I want you to listen and repeat. The first group…the verbs are regular verbs.

The ending sounds like /t/ because all of the verbs end with that voiceless consonant sound, like…all quiet. So we end with /t/. Okay. let’s take turns reading. Flavia, you begin with the first sentence. I want you to change that word, the verb, to the past tense. Not “I stop at the red light.” “I stopped.” Stopped.

Read it, please. I stopped at the red light. Next. Change “walk.” I…I walked to school. Good I missed you. Missed you. Missed you. Good. I brushed my teeth. Great. We talked on the phone. Good. She loved…laugh…laughed. She laughed loudly. She laughed loudly. Good. She laughed loudly.

Nice. Again, these drills are something you can practice, too, and record yourself and listen. Do you hear the /t/? Right? You can also note some useful phrases in that exercise. Stop at the red light, walk to school, talk on the phone, laughs loudly. again with that nice /d/ sound. /d/ Because all of those verbs end with the voiced consonant. Right? Or they end with a vowel sound. Right?

Like… They’re all voiced, so we add on a /d/ sound. Okay? We’ll change the sentences. “I move” becomes “I moved.” Not mov-ed. Moved. Good. I enjoyed the weather. Good. I loved Boston. Good. She opened the door. I turned my head. I carried the groceries home. I carried the groceries home.

I carried the groceries home. Good. He showed…showed…he showed my photos. Uh-huh. But if he has photos, then he showed them to me. Remember we talked about…you can say, “He showed the photos to me.” “He showed me photos.” He showed me photos. Yeah. He showed me photos.

Good. It rained hard. Good. It rained hard. One more time. Repeat after me. Together. Moved, enjoyed, loved, opened, turned, carried, showed, rained. Very nice. Do you feel the difference? Then let’s try this. Stopped, walked. Moved, enjoyed. Missed, brushed. Loved, opened. Very good.

Because now we’re going back and forth. T…D. /t, d/ Good. Here are more phrases to remember. Enjoy the weather, open the door, turn my head, carry the groceries, show photos. Group C. Now we have an extra syllable because these verbs end with the T or a D sound. Right? Not start, but started.

Change the verbs again to the past tense. She…she started a new job. Good. They visit me in the summer. Visited me. Visited. They visited me in the summer. We wanted a cold drink. Yes. He waited for the bus. I needed more time. We decided quickly. We decided. We decided quickly. Very nice. Okay?

Repeat after me. Started, visited, wanted, waited, needed, decided. Good. Good. Yes. You can keep these. Practice and record yourself if you can. Get your phone, record, and listen. Do you hear the three groups: /t, d/ and the extra syllable? Okay good. Again let’s note some useful phrases.

Start your job, want a cold drink, have a cold drink, wait for the bus, need more time, decide quickly. Why do we learn common phrases? Why do we learn collocations? First, we want to sound natural when we speak English.

We want to put words together in a way most other people put words together. Second, when you know only words, it takes time to put them together in a sentence. When you know whole phrases, you can make a sentence faster. It’s like building with bigger blocks. So remember to learn common phrases when you learn new vocabulary.

How do people use that word? Listen for the phrases they use. That’s all for now.