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4 - Music
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04 Music
Jazz
Jazz music is considered America’s original art form. It began in the late 1700s and early 1800s among African Americans living in the southern states of Mississippi, Georgia, and Louisiana.
Interestingly, its popularity over the ensuing centuries included people of different ethnic backgrounds and stations in life from places all over the United States and other countries.
Jazz is characterized by its unique sound and improvised musical styling, which work together to evoke intense emotion.
While it has continued to evolve since its inception, the decades from 1930 to 1950 represent the pinnacle of change between big-band-era jazz more modern jazz.
Jazz in the thirties was known for its big band sound that focused on the use of brass instruments accompanied by the piano, saxophone, clarinet, and bass drum.
This original sound was called swing. The swing style of music began in the 1920s, but rose in popularity in the 1930s.
Swing bands featured a soloist, which is where improvisation played a key part.
While the band followed a certain melody, the soloist played notes that stood out and displayed his or her unique musical talent.
Swing was very popular because it was lively and people could easily dance to it.
Dance halls saw a boom in the attendance during this period.
During the economic depression of the 1930s, many found solace and a positive outlook in the bright sound of jazz.
The radio also helped to spread the fame of swing music with nightly coast-to-coast broadcasts of bands and artists such as Duke Ellington, Benny Goodman, Louis Armstrong, and Ella Fitzgerald.
While the thirties are known mainly for swing, a smaller movement termed Kansas City Jazz rose in popularity for a time.
Kansas City Jazz was similar to swing in that it featured improvisational solos and similar instruments.
Kansas City Jazz was often played in smaller venues located around Kansas City, Missouri, which was a stopover for traveling bands during the Depression Era.
Its leaders encouraged the development of night clubs where improvisational musicians could exhibit their talent.
Is served as a type of bridge between the swing music of the late twenties and thirties and the newer sound that emerged in the 1940s.
As the Kansas City Jazz movement grew, most of its performers migrated to New York and other big cities where they could have more exposure.
In the forties, jazz experienced to transition away from the mainstream, dance-style music played by big bands toward a more challenging type of sound for musicians.
The new sound was called the bebop.
It was played by small groups of musicians who focused on harmony, tempo, and the art behind making music.
The popularity of the bebop movement in the forties was due in part to musicians such as Charlie Parker and Dizzy.
Gillespie wanted to bring back the ideas of early jazz music that focused on dissonance and chromatic notes.
Chromatic music uses minor keys, applying sharps and flats to create discord within the music that Kindle strong emotion.
As with all styles of jazz, improvisation played a huge part in making the music of the era come alive.
Musicians use their creative freedom to stray far from the melody lines by using notes that clashed with the harmony before finally bringing the solo and harmony back together in a resolution of chords.
Musicians during this time began using the ride cymbal and snare drum for a more explosive percussion style.
To the untrained ear, this type of jazz often sounded more like noise than music and had a tempo that was too fast for dancing.
This jazz had a fragmented, almost racing sound and was met with a negative response by many in that era who loved the organized, danceable sound of the previous two decades.
In spite of the disapproving reaction at the outset, bebop’s influence stayed strong throughout the decade and many key jazz musicians of the time eventually experimented with it.
By the end of the forties, bebop was an accepted part of the jazz world and became the foundation for what is considered modern jazz.
Jazz music has evolved constantly since its birth over 200 years ago and has maintained its attractiveness to all kinds of people.
Even though the changes, the basics of jazz have remained the same: unique melodies, interesting courts, and a focus on the art of music.
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