Section 4

Section 4: You will hear a woman talking to a group of first-year science undergraduates about the developing science of Nanotechnology. First you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

Today we’re going to look at an important area of science, namely nanotechnology. So what is it? Nano means tiny; So, it’s science and engineering on the scale of atoms and molecules. The idea is that by controlling and rearranging atoms you can literally create anything. However, as we’ll see the science of the small has some big implications, affecting us in many ways. There’s no doubt that nanotechnology promises so much for civilization. However, all new technologies have their teething problems; And with nanotechnology society often gets the wrong idea about its capabilities. Numerous science fiction books and movies have raised people’s fears about nanotechnology with scenarios such as inserting little nano robots into your body that monitor everything you do without you realizing it, or self-replicating nano robots that eventually take over the world. So, how do we safeguard such a potentially powerful technology? Some scientists recommend that nanoparticles be treated as new chemicals with separate safety tests and clear labeling; They believe that greater care should also be taken with nanoparticles in laboratories and factories. Others have called for a withdrawal of new nano products such as cosmetics and a temporary halt to many kinds of nanotech research. But as far as I’m concerned there’s a need to plow ahead with the discoveries and applications of nanotechnology. I really believe that most scientists would welcome a way to guard against unethical uses of such technology. We can’t go around thinking that all innovation is bad all advancement is bad. As with the debate about any new technology it is how you use it that’s important. So, let’s look at some of its possible uses.

Thanks to nanotechnology there could be a major breakthrough in the field of transportation. With the production of more durable metals. These could be virtually unbreakable, lighter and much more pliable. Leading to planes that are 50 times lighter than at present. Those same improved capabilities will dramatically reduce the cost of traveling into space; Making it more accessible to ordinary people and opening up a totally new holiday destination. In terms of technology, the computer industry will be able to shrink computer parts down to minute sizes. We need nanotechnology in order to create a new generation of computers that will work even faster and will have a million times more memory but, will be about the size of a sugar cube. Nanotechnology could also revolutionize the way that we generate power. The cost of solar cells will be drastically reduced, so harnessing this energy will be far more economical than at present. But nanotechnology has much wider applications than this and could have an enormous impact on our environment. For instance, tiny airborne nanorobots could be programmed to actually rebuild the ozone layer, which could lessen the impact of global warming on our planet. That’s a pretty amazing thought isn’t it? On a more local scale this new technology could help with the cleanup of environmental disasters as nanotechnology will allow us to remove oil and other contaminants from the water far more effectively; And if nanotechnology progresses as expected, as a sort of building block set of about 90 atoms, then you could build anything you wanted from the bottom up. In terms of production this means that you only use what you need, and so there wouldn’t be any waste. The notion that you could create anything at all has major implications for our health. It means that we’ll eventually be able to replicate anything. This would have a phenomenal effect on our society. In time it could even lead to the eradication of famine through the introduction of machines that produce food to feed the hungry; But it’s in the area of medicine that nanotechnology may have its biggest impact. How we detect disease will change as tiny biosensors are developed to analyze tests in minutes rather than days. There’s even speculation nanorobots could be used to slow the aging process, lengthening life expectancy. As you can see, I’m very excited by the implications that could be available to us in the next few decades. Just how long it’ll take I honestly don’t know.

That is the end of section 4. You now have half a minute to check your answers.